Jewell Jean Fortune Kaplan Irene Cumming Kleeberg Christine A. Cohen Susan Derecskey Archibald Hobson Elizabeth J. Aretakis Carol Braham Patti Brecht Paul S. Manuscript Collection and Database Management Christopher Verdesi Associate Editors Anthony Aiello Sarah Feehan Amanda Materne Manuscript Editors Jonathan G. Maas Kelly BaiseleyĮditorial Assistants Felix Beltran Charles Scribner IV Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1ĮDITORIAL AND PRODUCTION STAFF Project Editor Mark LaFlaur Art Editor William Woys Weaver Production Editor Georgia S. Includes bibliographical references and index. Katz, editor in chief William Woys Weaver, associate editor. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Encyclopedia of food and culture / Solomon H. Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 Permissions Hotline: 24 or 80, ext. Charles Scribner’s Sons® and Thomson Learning™ are trademarks used herein under license.ĪLL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means-graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, or information storage retrieval systems-without the written permission of the publisher.įor more information, contact Charles Scribner’s Sons An imprint of the Gale Group 300 Park Avenue South New York, NY 10010įor permission to use material from this product, submit your request via Web at, or you may download our Permissions Request form and submit your request by fax or mail to: Permissions Department The Gale Group, Inc.
© 2003 by Charles Scribner’s Sons Charles Scribner’s Sons is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Katz, Editor in Chief William Woys Weaver, Associate Editor Katz, Editor in Chief William Woys Weaver, Associate EditorĮncyclopedia of Food and Culture Solomon H. Crawford Food and Drug Administration Cutberto Garza Cornell University Ellen Haas The Foodfit Company Jules Janick Purdue University Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett New York University Patricia Lysaght University College Dublin S C R I B N E R L I B R A R Y O F D A I LY L I F EĮDITORIAL BOARD Barrett P.